They decide in disputes concerning alleged violations of social security rights, pension and disability insurance rights, the right to health insurance, the right to unemployment insurance, and disputes concerning family and social benefits.

In labour and social disputes, the panel of the court of first instance is composed of a judge as the president of the panel and two lay judges as members of the panel, of whom one is elected from the list of candidates/workers or insured persons and the other from the list of candidates/employers or institutes.

Ljubljana Higher Labour and Social Court is the court of second instance for adjudicating on decisions issued by courts of first instance.